CO2 starts in the atmosphere and be taken in by plants for photosynthesis and outputs glucose as well as some CO2 back into the air through respiration. The glucose then can be eaten various times by the food chain. When the animals die they can be decomposed, releasing more carbon through respiration, or they can be compressed into fossil fuels. The fossil fuels can then be mined and burned in factories and cars, releasing CO2 into the air. This same process can be done in the ocean by either wave action or being dissolved into the water.
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